The first step should be to check with a pregnancy test to see if you might be pregnant. If the test is negative, there are many reasons for a missed period, most of which are trivial, but serious causes cannot be ruled out without a gynecological examination, so you should visit your gynecologist!
If after one year of trying (six months after the age of 35) you still cannot conceive, you should have a hormonal test, a tubal patency test (HyCoSy) and a sperm test. These will help us to decide what to do next.
In some cases, physiological pain during menses, such as mild lower abdominal pain or cramping. However, there can be many causes of pain during menses and in many cases we can do something about it, so it is worth visiting your gynaecologist if this is the case.
Yes, both hormone-free and hormonal intrauterine contraceptive devices are recommended for women who have not given birth.
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